Radiation exposure issues in the aftermath of the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant accident and the role of occupational health

At 2:46 p.m. on March 11, 2011, the peaceful lives of the residents of Fukushima Prefecture were thrown into chaos as the region was hit by a series of calamities, starting with the great earthquake and followed by the tsunami and the subsequent accident at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant. Faced with the sudden order to evacuate, residents were forced to flee without even being able to search for survivors, resulting in extreme confusion. The continued release of radioactive substances from the nuclear power plant has had far-reaching effects and has raised health concerns among many residents. Workers at the power plant who are continuing efforts to control the situation are now facing acute and delayed effects. The protective clothing worn by the workers is poorly ventilated and has caused heat stroke and other issues. In the 20-km radius evacuation zone around the power plant, police and Self-Defense Forces continue to search for the missing and dead, while firefighters on standby near the power plant have been on duty for an extended length of time. These firefighters belong to small, local unions whose health management is inadequate. In addition, there is an urgent need for protective measures against radiation for businesses including nursing homes continuing operations within the planned evacuation areas. Many residents are living in low-dose radiation environments outside of evacuation areas, highlighting the challenge of providing occupational health services, including mental health. In the face of this immense ordeal, the residents of Fukushima Prefecture have shown composure in dealing with these issues from a risk perspective. There is a need to provide detailed risk assessments and more effectively share information. To address the current concerns and fears, it is important for residents/workers to act autonomously to reduce risks based on quick government decisions and accurate information.