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Workers in heavy industries are often exposed to a variety of airborne exposures, These exposures may place them at an increased risk for lung disorders. Many studies have shown changes in lung function and an increased frequency of respiratory diseases. Effects of preventive SHE work are asked for.
Methods
Our department has for more than 40 years carried out testing and documentation of mineral dust, gases, radon, and other air pollutants especially associated with mining. The relevant workers are systematically examined by the companies SHE services, Together we have developed a system and a data base for better follow up and monitoring of the working environment and workers health, Environmental Index. 9 companies, 7 mines, a foundry and a company with electrical fitters with altogether 1.359 workers are included. Results from medical examinations, chest-x rays, spirometric tests (5.262), workplace exposures, working histories etc over a 30-40 year period have been analysed.
Results
Generally there is an obstructive tendency in the spirometric results. There seem to be an associaten between exposures and lung diseases, especially among older workers (Folldal Verk). 2/3 are current or former smokers. Smokers seem to have an increasd decline in lung function after the age of 40, non-smokers nearly 20 years later. Workers developing lung diseases have an almost twice as normal decline in lung function. Those developing cardiac diseases seem to have a thrice as normal decline. Preventive work reducing exposures, induce tobacco cessation, give early medical treatment etc reduces lung function loss (Elkem Meraker, SNSG) and reduces COPD (Elkem Meraker).
Discussion
30 to 40 year of follow up implies many methodical challenges. Even though our study indicates that preventive and interdisciplinary SHE work pays. Monitoring and preventive actions with regard to exposures, earlier intervention and medical treatment seem to give "better breathing and a better life".