The Development and Evolution of Occupational Medicine in the United States, from 1837 to 2010

Introduction
The history of occupational medicine in the United States will be reviewed, particularly with respect to the role of organizations such as the American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine (ACOEM) in the evolution this field.

Methods
Review of the literature, including the Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, interviews with ACOEM past presidents, and historical resources available at the ACOEM headquarters.

Results
Occupational medicine began in the United States in the early 1800s with the growth of American industry, when physicians were employed to medically evaluate and treat ill and injured employees, particularly in the developing railroad industry. Occupational health and safety organizations arose in the early 20th century. Occupational health programs grew substantially after the Second World War. The Occupational Health and Safety Act (OSHA) was passed in 1970, and the National Institute for Occupational Health and Safety, enabled by the OSHA Act, was created soon thereafter. Since the late 1980s, as a result of outsourcing and other factors, occupational medical departments have diminished in size and scope.

Discussion
This presentation will provide a historical review of occupational medicine in the United States. Participants will understand the role of physicians in the development of occupational medicine in the United States and become familiar with US professional organizions concerned with occupational health and safety, and their historical evolution.