Ocular surface and microorganisms in office work: is there a possible hazard ?

Introduction
Office environments can often provide adequate substrates for fungal and bacterial growth, which can originate from both outdoor air and human occupants. This contamination may be increased by poor maintenance of air conditioners, as well as by the presence of carpets, or equipment like keyboards and mice. So far the relationships between eye and office work have been poorly studied in terms of infectious hazard for the ocular surface.

Methods
A systematic investigation by Pub Med, MedlinePlus, ScienceDirect, EPA, etc. was carried out, focussed on ocular surface physiology and IAQ/SBS in offices.

Results
The ocular surface is covered by a film whose functions are optic, lubricant and metabolic, but also immunological (IgG, IgA lysozyme, lactoferrin). Lacrimal film is a delicate structure which can be altered by airborne substances (dust, aldeheydes, VOCs) and microclimate (tear evaporation). These agents can favour corneo-conjuntival irritation and/or a destabilization of lipid layer of the lacrimal film, thus facilitating the development of acute and chronic infections. Microorganisms like Streptococcus, Corynebacteriun, Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus A., etc. can be found in office environment. Conjunctiva and cornea, due to their external position, can be inoculated by these microorganisms present on working surfaces as well as on periocular tissues and hands.

Discussion
The presence of microorganisms in office is quite common. Bacteria and fungi transferred from equipment and working surfaces to eyes could be responsible for acute and sub-acute ocular infections. Periodical check of microbial contamination and, in case, workstations sanitation is suggested.