Heat Stress Prevention at Mega Construction Work site in Desert Area of India

Introduction
Rajasthan, situated in the western part of India is known for the largest desert in Indian subcontinent. A largest discovery of oil in Indian soil was made in 2006. The construction activities were at peak in 2009-10 wherein more than 18000 workforce were involved in construction and commissioning activities of a processing terminal. The temperature (Temp.) in this area usually reaches up to 50C (122F) in summer, potential for heat stress among workers.

Methods
The temperatures were varying between 40C and 50C with relative humidity (RH) in range of 20% to 30% from March to July in previous 10 years. A comprehensive heat stress prevention guidelines were prepared describing the understanding of body reaction, sign & symptoms, various engineering and administrative controls, means of personal protection and prevention. In absence of stringent local regulatory guidelines, international best practices including OSHA, ILO and OGP guidelines were adopted. Massive campaign on heat stress prevention, awareness drive, administrative measures (provision of safe drinking water, rest shelters, hourly update of heat index, flag signs etc.) and close monitoring of these controls were put in place. In absence of WBGT meter, heat index was calculated based on Temp. and RH on hourly basis.

Results
There was no case of heat related illness and project completed on schedule with excellent safety record.

Discussion
The paper discusses in detail about the various low cost initiatives taken to prevent the heat stress in extreme weather condition. In absence of WBGT meters a lost cost alternative - measurement of Temp. and RH gives a fair values for interpretation of heat burden. Worker education is a key to the successful implementation of health activities. In this case study, low cost solutions like use of earthen pots, provision of insulated water bottle, proper work-rest regime, has resulted into zero illness due to heat exposure.