Implementation and process evaluation of a participatory ergonomics program in construction workers

Introduction
The construction industry continues to experience high rates of musculoskeletal injuries. Participatory ergonomics (PE) has been suggested as one approach to engage workers and employers in implementation of solutions, although a recent systematic review of PE programs using health outcome measures showed inconclusive results. Previous studies were hard to evaluate because of insufficient descriptions of the program and evaluation of the implementation process. In this paper we will: 1. describe a PE training for construction workers; 2. describe process evaluation used in the study; 3. describe facilitators and barriers to PE program implementation, including information on productivity and ROI.

Methods
Construction workers were recruited from partnering contractors. Researchers conducted ergonomic exposure assessments to identify the high-risk work tasks. Workers were trained in general ergonomic principles using video examples from these assessments. Subsequent training guided workers in identifying solutions to these tasks. Process measures include fidelity of program implementation, worker participation and generation of ideas and solutions, and implementation of new tool and work processes. Outcome measures include changes in musculoskeletal symptoms, workplace physical exposures, productivity, and injury costs. We also assessed workers’ opinions about their training, job performance, work organization, safety culture, and willingness to change work behaviors.

Results
Preliminary results show the workers were active participants, identifying problem tasks and potential solutions. We will present: workers’ perceptions of the training, job factors, safety culture and willingness to change; process measures above; researchers’ description of the training context and implementation; meeting attendance; the number of proposed ergonomic solutions implemented; and changes in costs attributed to solutions.

Discussion
Participatory ergonomics programs, though suggested as an ideal way for infusing ergonomics into a construction cohort, have shown inconsistent results in other industries. Development of useful and measurable process and outcome indicators can guide the delivery and evaluation of a PE program.