Risk profiles for work-related upper limb disorders (WRULDs) in jobs of the construction sector

Introduction: Work-related upper limb disorders (WRULDs) are observed in various industry sectors, very different jobs and work tasks; also the construction industry is concerned. Although, repetitive and somewhat forceful manual tasks as well as some other factors can be identified as the common factors that seem to be related to such disorders, up to now the knowledge of risk assessment in this field is scarce due to its complexity. Objectives: In order to support a sound risk assessment and the implementation of preventive measures the German statutory accident insurance started a study on exposure measurement of musculoskeletal workload factors affecting the upper extremity. Methods: The problems of risk assessment in this field are exemplified; laying of tiles (DPF) was ergonomically analysed. Three work tasks of roofers were differentiated and with focus on WRULDs four observational methodologies, i.e. RULA, OCRA Checklist, HAL and KIM-MHO were applied. Results: Due to methodological constraints the HAL could not deliver a proper result. All other risk assessment tools indicated almost high work load for the upper extremity; only the OCRA Checklist led to slightly different estimation for the various work tasks by showing only a moderate risk for the roofer who lay out the tiles. As the analysis reveals a considerable stressing of arms and hands, none of the schemes satisfactorily distinguishes the impact of workloads arising from different dimensions and weights of the handled tiles. Conclusions: Measurement parameters of the workload factors in manual handling tasks, especially for grip force, are required. A specific CUELA version in combination with electromyography (EMG) and a tested measurement protocol provides such measurement parameters and will be employed to gather data in the field and to build up a data base with the goal to facilitate an uniform appraisal and enhance prevention.